RADIANT: Journal of Applied, Social, and Education Studies  is committed to upholding the integrity of the literature and publishes Errata, Expressions of Concerns, or Retraction Notices dependent on the situation and in accordance with the COPE Retraction Guidelines. More information about the publication of ethics can be found on Publication Ethics, and Malpractice Statement, and information about COPE retraction guidelines can be accessed on the Retraction page.